Separation of Substances

1. Different components of a mixture are separated in order to either separate the un-required components from a mixture or sometimes, to separate more than one useful components from a mixture.
   For example, grain purchased from shops can contain several impurities such as pieces of stone, husk, broken grains, etc. Thus, grain is separated from these impurities to make it edible.
   Similarly, after preparing tea, we strain it to remove the used tea leaves from tea.
2. Winnowing is the process of separation of the heavier components from the lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air.
   Itis generally used by farmers to separate the lighter impurities such as husk particles from the heavier grains.
   
3. Thedirt particles that are present in the pulses are removed by washing the latter with water. Being heavier, the pulses settle down, while the dirt particles being lighter keep floating in water. This process is called sedimentation. The dirty water can be removed by the method of decantation, leaving the pulses at the bottom.
   
4. Sieving is the method of separation of fine particles from bigger particles by allowing the finer particles to pass through the holes of a sieve, leaving the bigger particles in the sieve itself.
   It is generally used in homes to separate flour from impurities such as pieces of stone, stalk, and husk. It is also used at construction sites to separate sand from small stones.
   
5. Sand is not soluble in water. Hence, the mixture of sand and water can be separated by two methods:
   
   1. Combination of sedimentation and decantation: As sand is insoluble and heavier than water, it settles down at the bottom of the container containing the mixture. This process is called sedimentation. After the process of sedimentation is complete, water is slowly transferred to another container and sand remains in the original container. This process is called decantation.
      
   2. Filtration: the mixture is poured on a strainer or a piece of cloth or a filter paper so that the water goes through the strainer and the sand remains on the strainer.
6. Yes. It is possible to separate a mixture of sugar and wheat flour.
   This can be done by the process of sieving. If the mixture of sugar and wheat flour is allowed to pass through a sieve, then the fine wheat flour particles would pass through the sieve, the sugar particles would be retained by the sieve.
   
7. Clear water can be obtained from a sample of muddy water by the method of filtration. In this method, the sample of muddy water is poured through a cloth having fine pores or through a filter paper. Water will pass through the filtering medium, leaving behind the mud.
8. (a) The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalk is called __threshing__.(b) When milk is cooled after boiling and poured on a piece of cloth, cream (malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of __filtration__.
   (c) Salt is obtained from seawater by the process of __evaporation__.
   (d) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept overnight in a bucket. Clear water was then poured from top. The process of separation used in this example is called__decantation__.
   
9. (a) A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration. (False)
   (b) A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the process of winnowing. (False)
   (c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done through filtration. (False)
   (d) Grain and husk can be separated by the process of decantation. (False)
   
10. The solubility of a substance decreases with decreases in temperature. After the addition of ice, the temperature of the lemonade decreases and dissolving sugar in cold water is difficult. Therefore, ice should be added to lemonade after dissolving the sugar.