Electricity and Circuits

1. (a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called a__switch__.
   Switch:
   A switch is an electric device that is used to break a circuit. When the switch is in ‘OFF’ position, then the circuit is not complete. Then, the circuit is called an open circuit. An electric current cannot flow through this circuit.
   (b) An electric cell has __two__terminals.
   Two terminals:
   An electric cell has two terminals, a negative terminal and a positive terminal (as shown in the given figure).
   
2. (a) True
   Metals are good conductors of electricity. They allow an electric current to flow through them easily. Hence, an electric current can flow through metals.
   (b) False
   Jute string is a bad conductor of electricity. If jute string is used to make an electric circuit, then the current will not flow through it. Hence, strings made of jute cannot be used to make circuits.
   (c) False
   Thermocol is a bad conductor of electricity. Hence, electric current cannot pass through it.
   
   
3. An electric current cannot pass through objects such as plastic scales, tester holders, etc., because these objects are bad conductors of electricity.
   From the given figure, it can be observed that one terminal of the bulb is connected to a tester holder. A current will not flow through the circuit. Hence, the bulb would not glow.
4. The given circuit is not complete. To complete the circuit, the positive terminal of the cell should be connected to one end of the switch, and the other terminal of the bulb should be connected to the other end of the switch. The closed circuit is shown in the following figure:
   
   
5. A switch is an electric device that is used to complete or break an electric circuit. If the switch is ‘ON’,then a current can flow through the circuit. However, if the switch is ‘OFF’, then the current cannot flow through the circuit.
   Electrical appliances such as table fans, electric lamps, washing machines, juicers and mixers, TV, radio, etc. have switches built into them.
   
6. Erasers are bad conductors of electricity. They do not conduct electricity. The circuit becomes an open circuit. Hence, the bulb will not glow if a safety pin is replaced with an eraser.
   
   
7. The bulb will not glow. This is because the two terminals of the cell are connected to the single terminal of the bulb. This is equivalent to the bulb not being connected in the circuit at all. The two terminals of the battery should be connected to the two terminals of the cell.
   
8. When the two free ends of a conductor tester are touched with an object, then the bulb of the tester would glow if the object conducts electricity. However, the bulb would not glow if the object does not conduct electricity. Since the bulb glows when the tester is touched with the object, the object must conduct electricity. Hence, the object is a conductor.
   
9. An electric switch is an electrical appliance. It conducts electricity through its internal parts. When its internal parts are touched with naked hands, then it may cause an electric shock. Therefore, it should be touched with rubber gloves in hand because rubber cannot conduct electricity. Hence, electricians wear rubber gloves while repairing a switch or any other electrical appliance.
10. Rubber is a bad conductor of electricity. It does not allow current to flow through it. Hence, handles of tools such as screwdrivers, pliers, etc. which are used by electricians for repair work usually have plastic or rubber cover on them. This protects them from electric shocks.